Qu’est-ce que l’ostéoporose?
L’ostéoporose (densité réduite des os) se produit principalement chez les personnes âgées. Mais cet amincissement des os peut également affecter les individus vivant avec la fibrose kystique (FK) et les rendre plus enclins à des fractures, même sans traumatisme. La prévention de l’ostéoporose est une partie essentielle de la prise en charge globale des personnes vivant avec la FK.
Pourquoi les personnes vivant avec la FK développent-elles l’ostéoporose?
Chez les personnes vivant avec la FK, les faibles niveaux de vitamine D résultant de la malabsorption altèrent la formation des os. Les personnes qui ne sont pas suffisamment exposées à la lumière du soleil, qui convertit la vitamine D en sa forme active, peuvent également être sujettes à l’ostéoporose. L’accélération de la maladie peut également s’observer si une personne est inactive ou souffre de malnutrition. Les personnes souffrant d’exacerbations pulmonaires récurrentes et celles greffées courent un risque élevé d’ostéoporose, en raison de la perte de densité osseuse qui peut être accélérée à cause de l’utilisation de médicaments immunosuppresseurs, tels que les corticostéroïdes. Le diabète, la consommation d’alcool et la cigarette peuvent également accélérer l’apparition de l’ostéoporose.
Comment détecter l’ostéoporose?
Les adultes vivant avec la FK doivent être examinés pour l’ostéoporose avec un scanner DEXA. À l’aide de deux rayons X distincts, la densité osseuse est mesurée à la colonne vertébrale, au fémur ou à un autre site. Les personnes vivant avec la FK devraient également avoir une vérification du taux vitamine D chaque année, en plus d’un dépistage du diabète.
Comment l’ostéoporose est-elle traitée?
L’ostéoporose est traitée en maximisant l’apport nutritionnel, avec une attention particulière à la vitamine D et au calcium. La lumière du soleil aide la santé des os en augmentant les quantités actives de vitamine D. Un programme d’exercice quotidien est également utile pour renforcer les os.
L’ostéoporose peut-elle être évitée?
Prévenir l’ostéoporose est très similaire à la façon dont on la traite. Pour réduire votre risque, faites de l’exercice pour vous assurer de maintenir des os en santé et, dans la mesure du possible, tentez de maintenir un bon apport nutritionnel, en ayant une attention particulière pour la vitamine D et le calcium.
Source: Johns Hopkins Cystic Fibrosis Center
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